Color gamut is defined as the subset of colors that can be represented by a given color space or system. A color space is a mathematical model that describes how colors are represented by numbers.
For example, the RGB color space uses three numbers to represent the intensity of red, green, and blue components of a color. A color system is a physical device that can display or capture colors, such as a TV, a monitor, or a camera.
The role of color gamut in image and video quality is to ensure that the colors that are displayed or captured are accurate and consistent with the original source.
However, not all color systems can reproduce the same range of colors, due to their physical limitations or design choices. Therefore, some colors may be lost or distorted when they are transferred from one system to another. This can result in a loss of detail, contrast, and realism in the image or video.
The Evolution of Color Gamut
The history of color gamut standards can be traced back to the early days of color television and photography. Over the years, different standards have been developed to define the color gamut for various applications and devices.
- sRGB: This is the standard color gamut for web and computer graphics. It was created in 1996 by Microsoft and HP, and covers 35.9% of the visible spectrum. It is widely used and supported by most devices and software.
- Adobe RGB: This is an extended color gamut for professional photography and printing. It was created in 1998 by Adobe, and covers 52.1% of the visible spectrum. It is more suitable for capturing and displaying colors that are outside the sRGB gamut, such as deep blues and greens.
- DCI-P3: This is the standard color gamut for digital cinema and video production. It was created in 2005 by the Digital Cinema Initiatives, and covers 53.6% of the visible spectrum. It is more suitable for displaying colors that are closer to the human perception of color, such as bright reds and yellows.
- Rec. 2020: This is the standard color gamut for ultra-high-definition television (UHDTV) and future media. It was created in 2012 by the International Telecommunication Union, and covers 75.8% of the visible spectrum. It is the widest color gamut standard to date, and aims to achieve a more realistic and immersive viewing experience.
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